Rival armed groups in Libya’s capital, Tripoli, have been criticized for failing to protect civilians during recent clashes that resulted in civilian casualties and property damage. Human Rights Watch has called for judicial authorities to investigate allegations of abuses and violations.
The violence erupted on May 12 following the killing of Abdelghani “Ghneiwa” al-Kikli, commander of the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA), under unclear circumstances. A truce was established on May 14 after two days of fighting. During this period, live ammunition was reportedly used against anti-government protesters.
Hanan Salah, associate Middle East and North Africa director at Human Rights Watch, stated: “Civilians caught in the Tripoli fighting are once again bearing the brunt of reckless, unaccountable armed groups who show utter disregard for the lives of people when they fire heavy weapons in residential areas.” She emphasized that all armed groups must protect civilians and allow peaceful protests.
The conflict is part of a broader political struggle between rival authorities vying for control over Libya. The Tripoli-based Government Of National Unity (GNU) controls western Libya, while the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF) hold sway over eastern and southern regions.
Al-Kikli’s death occurred during a meeting with other commanders from western Libya at Tekbali base. An autopsy report circulating online suggests he was shot at point-blank range. Following his death, clashes ensued between rival factions including the 444 Combat Brigade led by Mahmoud Hamza and SSA positions.
Several civilians were killed during these clashes. A bride-to-be died when a shell hit her house on May 14; two brothers were killed by indiscriminate shelling; Souad al-Soueih also perished when her home was struck by a shell; and several passersby were injured on Suleiman Khater Street on May 12.
As of May 20, no official casualty figures had been released by the GNU Health Ministry. However, the eastern-based House of Representatives reported six civilian deaths without specifying sources.
Residents shared images depicting damage to civilian properties including burning houses and cars. The GNU Interior Ministry recorded at least 69 claims of property damage as of May 18. Offices belonging to the Central Bank of Libya were also affected.
The Tripoli Ambulance and Emergency Department urged warring factions to ensure safe passage for fleeing civilians and emergency workers. International law mandates precautions to minimize harm to civilians during conflicts while facilitating humanitarian relief efforts.
Reports emerged that live ammunition was used against demonstrators protesting against GNU policies in Abu Salim neighborhood and Martyr Square from May 14 onwards. On May 16th it was announced that a police officer died due to random gunfire while performing duties but details remain scarce.
Unconfirmed reports circulated about prisoners escaping or being released from SSA-run detention facilities amid ongoing unrests prompting calls for accountability regarding detainee status through prompt judicial reviews according Human Rights Watch recommendations
In response Prime Minister Abdelhamdi Dabeiba praised security achievements related operations targeting irregular groups within Abu Salim area describing them successful despite densely populated conditions yet failed address concerns surrounding civilian casualties damages incurred
On May13th issued series decrees aimed dissolving restructuring certain security establishments bringing them under state control sparked backlash among targeted factions leading Presidential Council head Mohamed al-Menfi freeze decisions military nature Ministers resigned protest handling situation
Authorities urged disclose fighter militia member detentions aftermath ensure humane treatment avoid revenge crimes preserve critical evidence future accountability processes according Salah urging investigations into abuse reports holding commanders accountable subordinates’ actions if necessary steps taken prevent punish misconduct
